commit

alembic/versions/ca107b03ddf8_add_indexes_and_fk.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+"""add_indexes_and_fk
+
+Revision ID: ca107b03ddf8
+Revises: 40f5317720a4
+Create Date: 2026-01-04 15:32:14.881408
+
+"""
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+
+revision: str = 'ca107b03ddf8'
+down_revision: str | None = '40f5317720a4'
+branch_labels: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+depends_on: str | Sequence[str] | None = None
+
+
+def upgrade() -> None:
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_options_question_id'), 'options', ['question_id'], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_questions_test_id'), 'questions', ['test_id'], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_test_attempts_test_id'), 'test_attempts', ['test_id'], unique=False)
+    op.create_foreign_key(None, 'test_attempts', 'users', ['user_id'], ['id'])
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_user_answers_attempt_id'), 'user_answers', ['attempt_id'], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_user_answers_question_id'), 'user_answers', ['question_id'], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_users_group'), 'users', ['group'], unique=False)
+    op.create_index(op.f('ix_users_username'), 'users', ['username'], unique=False)
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###
+
+
+def downgrade() -> None:
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_users_username'), table_name='users')
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_users_group'), table_name='users')
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_user_answers_question_id'), table_name='user_answers')
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_user_answers_attempt_id'), table_name='user_answers')
+    op.drop_constraint(None, 'test_attempts', type_='foreignkey')
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_test_attempts_test_id'), table_name='test_attempts')
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_questions_test_id'), table_name='questions')
+    op.drop_index(op.f('ix_options_question_id'), table_name='options')
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###

src/trudex/application/bot/admin_dialogs/users.py

@@ -68,8 +68,7 @@ async def on_user_input(message: Message, _widget: MessageInput, manager: Dialog
     user = None
     if text.startswith("@"):
         username = text[1:]
-        all_users = await user_dao.get_all()
+        user = await user_dao.get_by_username(username)
-        user = next((u for u in all_users if u.username == username), None)
     elif text.isdigit():
         user = await user_dao.get_by_id(int(text))
     

src/trudex/application/bot/creator_dialogs/users.py

@@ -137,8 +137,7 @@ async def on_user_input(message: Message, _widget: MessageInput, manager: Dialog
     user = None
     if text.startswith("@"):
         username = text[1:]
-        all_users = await user_dao.get_all()
+        user = await user_dao.get_by_username(username)
-        user = next((u for u in all_users if u.username == username), None)
     elif text.isdigit():
         user = await user_dao.get_by_id(int(text))
     

src/trudex/application/bot/middlewares/reject_not_creator.py

@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ class RejectNotCreatorMiddleware(BaseMiddleware):
             if user_id == config.bot.creator_id:
                 return await handler(event, data)
             
-            await event.answer("У вас нет доступа к панели создателя.")
             return
         
         return await handler(event, data)

src/trudex/application/bot/shared_dialogs/tests.py

@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
 import asyncio
 import functools
+import json
 from datetime import date, datetime, time
 
 from aiogram import Bot
 from aiogram.types import BufferedInputFile, CallbackQuery, Message
 from aiogram_dialog import Dialog, DialogManager, StartMode, Window
 from aiogram_dialog.widgets.input import MessageInput
-from aiogram_dialog.widgets.kbd import Button, Calendar, Column, ScrollingGroup, Select
+from aiogram_dialog.widgets.kbd import Button, Calendar, Column, Row, ScrollingGroup, Select
 from aiogram_dialog.widgets.text import Const, Format
 from dishka import FromDishka
 from dishka.integrations.aiogram_dialog import inject
 
 from trudex.application.bot.shared_dialogs.states import SharedCreateTestSG, SharedTestsSG
+from trudex.domain.schemas import QuestionType
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.dao.group import GroupDAO
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.dao.test import TestDAO
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.repo.test import TestRepository
@@ -199,11 +201,16 @@ async def get_attempt_detail(
         "<b>📋 Ответы:</b>\n",
     ]
     
+    # Загружаем все вопросы с опциями за один запрос
+    question_ids = [answer.question_id for answer in answers]
+    questions_map = await test_repo.get_questions_with_options_by_ids(question_ids)
+    
     for i, answer in enumerate(answers, 1):
-        question, options = await test_repo.get_question_with_options(answer.question_id)
+        question_data = questions_map.get(answer.question_id)
-        if not question:
+        if not question_data:
             continue
         
+        question, options = question_data
         correct_options = [opt for opt in options if opt.is_correct]
         correct_texts = [opt.text for opt in correct_options]
         
@@ -221,6 +228,87 @@ async def get_attempt_detail(
     return {"attempt_info": "\n".join(lines)}
 
 
+@inject
+async def on_export_test(
+    _callback: CallbackQuery,
+    _button: Button,
+    manager: DialogManager,
+    test_repo: FromDishka[TestRepository],
+) -> None:
+    test_id = manager.dialog_data.get("selected_test_id")
+    
+    if not test_id:
+        await _callback.answer("❌ Тест не найден")
+        return
+    
+    assert _callback.message is not None
+    await _callback.answer("⏳ Экспортирую тест...")
+    
+    test, questions_with_options = await test_repo.get_full_test(test_id)
+    
+    if not test:
+        await _callback.message.answer("❌ Тест не найден")
+        return
+    
+    export_data: dict = {
+        "title": test.title,
+        "description": test.description,
+        "password": test.password,
+        "attempts": test.attempts,
+        "expires_at": test.expires_at.isoformat() if test.expires_at else None,
+        "for_group": test.for_group,
+        "questions": [],
+    }
+    
+    questions_list: list = export_data["questions"]
+    
+    for question, options in questions_with_options:
+        question_data: dict = {
+            "question_type": question.question_type.value,
+            "question": question.text,
+        }
+        
+        if question.question_type == QuestionType.INPUT:
+            correct_options = [o for o in options if o.is_correct]
+            if correct_options:
+                question_data["correct_answer"] = correct_options[0].text
+        else:
+            question_data["answers"] = [
+                {"option": o.text, "is_correct": o.is_correct}
+                for o in options
+            ]
+        
+        questions_list.append(question_data)
+    
+    json_str = json.dumps(export_data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+    
+    created_str = test.created_at.strftime("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M") if test.created_at else "—"
+    updated_str = test.updated_at.strftime("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M") if test.updated_at else "—"
+    questions_count = len(questions_with_options)
+    
+    comment_header = f"""// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// ЭКСПОРТ ТЕСТА: {test.title}
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+// 
+// ❓ Вопросов: {questions_count}
+// 📅 Создан: {created_str}
+// 🔄 Обновлён: {updated_str}
+// 
+// ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
+
+"""
+    
+    full_content = comment_header + json_str
+    
+    safe_title = "".join(c if c.isalnum() or c in "-_" else "_" for c in test.title)[:50]
+    filename = f"{safe_title}.json"
+    
+    await _callback.message.answer_document(
+        document=BufferedInputFile(full_content.encode("utf-8"), filename=filename),
+        caption=f"📤 <b>Экспорт теста:</b> {test.title}",
+    )
+
+
 @inject
 async def on_share_test(_callback: CallbackQuery, _button: Button, manager: DialogManager, config: FromDishka[Config], bot_inst: FromDishka[Bot]):
     test_id = manager.dialog_data.get("selected_test_id")
@@ -462,6 +550,7 @@ shared_tests_dialog = Dialog(
             ),
             Button(Const("📊 Статистика"), id="statistics", on_click=on_statistics),
             Button(Const("🔗 Поделиться"), id="share", on_click=on_share_test),
+            Button(Const("📤 Экспорт"), id="export", on_click=on_export_test),
             Button(Const("✏️ Изменить"), id="edit_menu", on_click=on_edit_menu),
             Button(Const("◀️ Назад"), id="back", on_click=on_back_to_list),
         ),

src/trudex/application/bot/user_dialogs/deeplink.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from trudex.infrastructure.database.dao.test import TestDAO
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.models import QuestionType
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.repo.test import TestRepository
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.repo.test_attempt import TestAttemptRepository
+from trudex.infrastructure.utils.rate_limiter import PasswordRateLimiter
 
 
 @inject
@@ -60,6 +61,7 @@ async def on_start_deeplink_test(
     test_dao: FromDishka[TestDAO],
     test_repo: FromDishka[TestRepository],
     attempt_repo: FromDishka[TestAttemptRepository],
+    rate_limiter: FromDishka[PasswordRateLimiter],
 ):
     assert _callback.from_user is not None
     
@@ -89,6 +91,12 @@ async def on_start_deeplink_test(
         await attempt_repo.attempt_dao.delete(active_attempt.id)
     
     if test.password:
+        # Проверяем rate limit перед показом экрана ввода пароля
+        allowed, wait_time = await rate_limiter.check(user_id)
+        if not allowed:
+            minutes = int(wait_time // 60) + 1
+            await _callback.answer(f"⏳ Слишком много попыток. Подождите {minutes} мин.", show_alert=True)
+            return
         await manager.switch_to(UserDeeplinkSG.password_input)
     else:
         await start_test_without_password(manager, test_repo, attempt_repo, test_id, user_id)
@@ -141,6 +149,7 @@ async def on_deeplink_password_input(
     test_dao: FromDishka[TestDAO],
     test_repo: FromDishka[TestRepository],
     attempt_repo: FromDishka[TestAttemptRepository],
+    rate_limiter: FromDishka[PasswordRateLimiter],
 ):
     assert message.from_user is not None
     
@@ -164,7 +173,14 @@ async def on_deeplink_password_input(
             manager, test_repo, attempt_repo, test_id, message.from_user.id
         )
     else:
-        await message.answer("❌ Неверный пароль")
+        # Проверяем rate limit при неверном пароле
+        allowed, wait_time = await rate_limiter.check(message.from_user.id)
+        if not allowed:
+            minutes = int(wait_time // 60) + 1
+            await message.answer(f"❌ Неверный пароль\n⏳ Слишком много попыток. Подождите {minutes} мин.")
+            await manager.start(UserMenuSG.main, mode=StartMode.RESET_STACK)
+        else:
+            await message.answer("❌ Неверный пароль")
 
 
 async def on_back_to_menu(_callback: CallbackQuery, _button: Button, manager: DialogManager):

src/trudex/application/bot/user_dialogs/take_test.py

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from trudex.infrastructure.database.dao.test import TestDAO
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.dao.user_answer import UserAnswerDAO
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.repo.test import TestRepository
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.repo.test_attempt import TestAttemptRepository
+from trudex.infrastructure.utils.rate_limiter import PasswordRateLimiter
 from trudex.infrastructure.utils.timezone import now_msk_naive
 
 
@@ -32,6 +33,7 @@ async def on_start_test(
     test_dao: FromDishka[TestDAO],
     test_repo: FromDishka[TestRepository],
     attempt_repo: FromDishka[TestAttemptRepository],
+    rate_limiter: FromDishka[PasswordRateLimiter],
 ):
     assert _callback.from_user is not None
     test_id = manager.dialog_data.get("selected_test_id")
@@ -66,6 +68,12 @@ async def on_start_test(
         await attempt_repo.attempt_dao.delete(active_attempt.id)
     
     if test.password:
+        # Проверяем rate limit перед показом экрана ввода пароля
+        allowed, wait_time = await rate_limiter.check(user_id)
+        if not allowed:
+            minutes = int(wait_time // 60) + 1
+            await _callback.answer(f"⏳ Слишком много попыток. Подождите {minutes} мин.", show_alert=True)
+            return
         await manager.start(UserTestSG.password_input, mode=StartMode.NORMAL, data={"test_id": test_id})
     else:
         _, questions = await test_repo.get_test_with_questions(test_id)
@@ -100,6 +108,7 @@ async def on_password_input(
     test_dao: FromDishka[TestDAO],
     test_repo: FromDishka[TestRepository],
     attempt_repo: FromDishka[TestAttemptRepository],
+    rate_limiter: FromDishka[PasswordRateLimiter],
 ):
     assert message.from_user is not None
     start_data = manager.start_data or {}
@@ -137,7 +146,14 @@ async def on_password_input(
         
         await manager.switch_to(first_state)
     else:
-        await message.answer("❌ Неверный пароль")
+        # Проверяем rate limit при неверном пароле
+        allowed, wait_time = await rate_limiter.check(message.from_user.id)
+        if not allowed:
+            minutes = int(wait_time // 60) + 1
+            await message.answer(f"❌ Неверный пароль\n⏳ Слишком много попыток. Подождите {minutes} мин.")
+            await manager.done()
+        else:
+            await message.answer("❌ Неверный пароль")
 
 
 @inject

src/trudex/infrastructure/database/dao/user.py

@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ class UserDAO:
         model = result.scalar_one_or_none()
         return UserDTO(model).to_domain() if model else None
     
+    async def get_by_username(self, username: str) -> DomainUser | None:
+        result = await self.session.execute(
+            select(User).where(User.username == username)
+        )
+        model = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        return UserDTO(model).to_domain() if model else None
+    
     async def get_all(self) -> list[DomainUser]:
         result = await self.session.execute(
             select(User).order_by(User.created_at.desc())

src/trudex/infrastructure/database/models.py

@@ -16,11 +16,11 @@ class User(Base):
     __tablename__ = "users"
     
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, primary_key=True)
-    username: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32))
+    username: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(32), index=True)
     first_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64))
     last_name: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(64))
     name: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(128))
-    group: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(CheckConstraint("group >= 1000 AND group <= 9999"))
+    group: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(CheckConstraint("group >= 1000 AND group <= 9999"), index=True)
     is_admin: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)
     name_updated_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(default=None)
     group_updated_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(default=None)
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class Question(Base):
     __tablename__ = "questions"
 
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
-    test_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("tests.id"))
+    test_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("tests.id"), index=True)
     text: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(Text)
     position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, default=0)
     question_type: Mapped[QuestionType] = mapped_column(default=QuestionType.SINGLE)
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ class Option(Base):
     __tablename__ = "options"
 
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
-    question_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("questions.id"))
+    question_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("questions.id"), index=True)
     text: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     is_correct: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)
     explanation: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text)
@@ -101,13 +101,14 @@ class TestAttempt(Base):
     __tablename__ = "test_attempts"
     
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
-    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, index=True)
+    user_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(BigInteger, ForeignKey("users.id"), index=True)
-    test_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("tests.id"))
+    test_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("tests.id"), index=True)
     started_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(server_default=func.now())
     finished_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(default=None)
     score: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(Integer, default=0)
     is_passed: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)
     
+    user: Mapped["User"] = relationship()
     test: Mapped["Test"] = relationship()
     answers: Mapped[list["UserAnswer"]] = relationship(
         back_populates="attempt",
@@ -120,8 +121,8 @@ class UserAnswer(Base):
     __tablename__ = "user_answers"
     
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(primary_key=True)
-    attempt_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("test_attempts.id"))
+    attempt_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("test_attempts.id"), index=True)
-    question_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("questions.id"))
+    question_id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("questions.id"), index=True)
     selected_option_id: Mapped[int | None] = mapped_column(ForeignKey("options.id"), default=None)
     text_answer: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(Text, default=None)
     is_correct: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(default=False)

src/trudex/infrastructure/database/repo/test.py

@@ -122,6 +122,28 @@ class TestRepository:
         count = result.scalar_one()
         return count
     
+    async def get_questions_with_options_by_ids(
+        self, question_ids: list[int]
+    ) -> dict[int, tuple[Question, list[Option]]]:
+        """Загружает вопросы с опциями по списку ID за один запрос."""
+        if not question_ids:
+            return {}
+        
+        result = await self.session.execute(
+            select(QuestionModel)
+            .where(QuestionModel.id.in_(question_ids))
+            .options(selectinload(QuestionModel.options))
+        )
+        question_models = list(result.scalars().all())
+        
+        questions_dict: dict[int, tuple[Question, list[Option]]] = {}
+        for qm in question_models:
+            question = QuestionDTO(qm).to_domain()
+            options = [OptionDTO(o).to_domain() for o in qm.options]
+            questions_dict[qm.id] = (question, options)
+        
+        return questions_dict
+    
     async def duplicate_test(self, test_id: int, new_title: str) -> Test | None:
         test, questions_with_options = await self.get_full_test(test_id)
         if not test:

src/trudex/infrastructure/database/repo/test_attempt.py

@@ -155,18 +155,16 @@ class TestAttemptRepository:
         return [UserAnswerDTO(model).to_domain() for model in models]
     
     async def get_question_statistics(self, question_id: int) -> dict[str, int]:
-        total_result = await self.session.execute(
+        result = await self.session.execute(
-            select(func.count(UserAnswerModel.id))
+            select(
+                func.count(UserAnswerModel.id).label("total"),
+                func.sum(func.cast(UserAnswerModel.is_correct, func.Integer)).label("correct")
+            )
             .where(UserAnswerModel.question_id == question_id)
         )
-        total = total_result.scalar_one()
+        row = result.one()
-        
+        total = row.total or 0
-        correct_result = await self.session.execute(
+        correct = row.correct or 0
-            select(func.count(UserAnswerModel.id))
-            .where(UserAnswerModel.question_id == question_id)
-            .where(UserAnswerModel.is_correct == True)
-        )
-        correct = correct_result.scalar_one()
         
         return {
             "total_answers": total,

src/trudex/infrastructure/di.py

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ from trudex.infrastructure.database.repo.test_attempt import TestAttemptReposito
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.repo.user import UserRepository
 from trudex.infrastructure.scheduling.tasks import deactivate_expired_tests
 from trudex.infrastructure.utils.config import Config
+from trudex.infrastructure.utils.rate_limiter import PasswordRateLimiter
 
 
 class DatabaseProvider(Provider):
@@ -25,6 +26,10 @@ class DatabaseProvider(Provider):
     def get_session_maker(self, config: Config) -> async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession]:
         return new_session_maker(config.database.url)
     
+    @provide(scope=Scope.APP)
+    def get_password_rate_limiter(self) -> PasswordRateLimiter:
+        return PasswordRateLimiter()
+
     @provide(scope=Scope.REQUEST)
     async def get_session(
         self, session_maker: async_sessionmaker[AsyncSession]

src/trudex/infrastructure/utils/broadcast.py

@@ -3,7 +3,13 @@ import logging
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from aiogram import Bot
-from aiogram.exceptions import TelegramBadRequest, TelegramForbiddenError
+from aiogram.exceptions import (
+    TelegramAPIError,
+    TelegramBadRequest,
+    TelegramForbiddenError,
+    TelegramNetworkError,
+    TelegramRetryAfter,
+)
 
 from trudex.infrastructure.database.dao.user import UserDAO
 
@@ -28,14 +34,29 @@ async def broadcast_message(bot: Bot, message_id: int, chat_id: int, user_dao: U
         try:
             await bot.copy_message(chat_id=user.id, from_chat_id=chat_id, message_id=message_id)
             success += 1
+        except TelegramRetryAfter as e:
+            logger.warning("Rate limited, waiting %d seconds", e.retry_after)
+            await asyncio.sleep(e.retry_after)
+            # Retry after waiting
+            try:
+                await bot.copy_message(chat_id=user.id, from_chat_id=chat_id, message_id=message_id)
+                success += 1
+            except TelegramAPIError:
+                failed += 1
         except TelegramForbiddenError:
             logger.debug("Broadcast failed (forbidden): user_id=%d", user.id)
             failed += 1
         except TelegramBadRequest as e:
             logger.debug("Broadcast failed (bad request): user_id=%d, error=%s", user.id, e)
             failed += 1
+        except TelegramNetworkError as e:
+            logger.warning("Network error during broadcast: user_id=%d, error=%s", user.id, e)
+            failed += 1
+        except TelegramAPIError as e:
+            logger.warning("Telegram API error during broadcast: user_id=%d, error=%s", user.id, e)
+            failed += 1
         
-        await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
+        await asyncio.sleep(0.05)
     
     logger.info("Broadcast completed: success=%d, failed=%d, total=%d", success, failed, len(users))
     return BroadcastStats(success=success, failed=failed, total=len(users))

src/trudex/infrastructure/utils/rate_limiter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import asyncio
+import time
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UserBucket:
+    tokens: float
+    last_updated: float
+
+
+class RateLimiter:
+    def __init__(self, rate: int, period: int):
+        self.rate = rate  
+        self.period = period 
+        self.fill_rate = rate / period
+        self.buckets: dict[int, UserBucket] = {}
+        self._lock = asyncio.Lock()
+
+    async def check(self, user_id: int) -> tuple[bool, float]:
+        async with self._lock:
+            now = time.time()
+            
+            if user_id not in self.buckets:
+                self.buckets[user_id] = UserBucket(
+                    tokens=self.rate - 1,
+                    last_updated=now
+                )
+                return True, 0.0
+            
+            bucket = self.buckets[user_id]
+            
+            elapsed = now - bucket.last_updated
+            added_tokens = elapsed * self.fill_rate
+            bucket.tokens = min(self.rate, bucket.tokens + added_tokens)
+            bucket.last_updated = now
+            
+            if bucket.tokens >= 1:
+                bucket.tokens -= 1
+                return True, 0.0
+            else:
+                wait_time = (1 - bucket.tokens) / self.fill_rate
+                return False, wait_time
+
+    async def cleanup(self) -> None:
+        async with self._lock:
+            full_buckets = [
+                user_id for user_id, bucket in self.buckets.items()
+                if bucket.tokens >= self.rate
+            ]
+            for user_id in full_buckets:
+                del self.buckets[user_id]
+
+
+class PasswordRateLimiter(RateLimiter):
+    def __init__(self):
+        super().__init__(rate=5, period=3600)